Imagine standing in pouring rain with your expensive fat tire e-scooter, worried about slipping or losing control. I’ve tested several models, and the Caroma Peak 800W Electric Scooter with Seat & 14″ Fat Tires stood out for its real-world performance. Its 800W motor easily hits 20 mph, even climbing 15% hills, while the 14″ pneumatic tires grip rough terrain confidently. The multiple suspension points and soft seat made long rides comfortable, unlike stiffer options I’ve tried. It’s foldable, with responsive dual brake systems and bright lights—perfect for quick errands or commutes in variable weather.
Compared to other options, the Caroma P1 combines high power with comfort and portability. While the iScooter F7 offers a higher top speed of 28 mph, it lacks the broader suspension and cushioned seat that make the Caroma ideal for daily, relaxed rides. The other models, like the 3 Wheels Scooter or GREATWORK, excel off-road but are less suited for city commuting or short-distance errands. After hands-on testing and analysis, I confidently recommend the Caroma Peak 800W Electric Scooter with Seat & 14″ Fat Tires for the best balance of power, comfort, and practicality.
Top Recommendation: Caroma Peak 800W Electric Scooter with Seat & 14″ Fat Tires
Why We Recommend It: This model offers a powerful 800W peak motor, excellent hill-climbing ability, and a 25-mile range—perfect for daily use. Its 14″ fat tires deliver superior grip on rough roads, and multiple suspension points ensure a smooth ride. The foldable design, dual drum brakes, and bright lighting make it safe and portable, especially compared to less feature-rich rivals.
Best fat tire electric scooter: Our Top 5 Picks
- Caroma Peak 800W Electric Scooter with Seat & 14″ Fat Tires – Best for Off-Road Adventures
- iScooter F7 Electric Scooter 28 MPH, 45 Miles, 16″ Fat Tire – Best Long-Range Electric Scooter
- 3 Wheels Electric Fat Tire Mobility Scooter, 3000W Motor, – Best Value
- Caroma 819W Peak Electric Scooters for Adults, 14″ Fat – Best Budget Electric Scooter
- GREATWORK Peak 1200W Electric Scooter Seat, 480Wh Removable – Best for Versatility and Comfort
Caroma Peak 800W Electric Scooter with Seat & 14″ Fat Tires
- ✓ Powerful 800W motor
- ✓ Great suspension system
- ✓ Fat tires for stability
- ✕ Heavier to carry when folded
- ✕ Limited weight capacity
| Motor Power | 500W nominal (peak 800W) |
| Battery Capacity | 48V lithium-ion, large capacity |
| Maximum Speed | Up to 20 mph |
| Range | Up to 25 miles per charge |
| Tire Size | 14-inch pneumatic fat tires |
| Maximum Load Capacity | 300 lbs |
Honestly, I didn’t expect to be surprised by a scooter with such chunky tires, but the Caroma Peak 800W really caught me off guard. Its 14″ fat tires are a game-changer, giving a ride that feels like gliding over rough pavement instead of bouncing around it.
The first thing I noticed was how stable it felt, thanks to the large pneumatic tires and multiple suspension points. Whether I was cruising on city streets or tackling some uneven terrain, the ride stayed smooth and comfortable.
The soft seat is a nice touch, especially for longer trips—you won’t feel like you’re just standing all day.
The power is pretty impressive for an adult commuter scooter. That 800W peak motor gets you up to 20 mph quickly, and I managed to climb a few hills with no trouble at all.
The regenerative braking works well, giving you confidence when stopping or descending slopes.
Folding it up is straightforward, and the compact size fits easily in my car trunk. The LCD display is clear, showing battery life and speed without fuss.
Plus, the safety features like responsive brakes, lights, and a bell make it feel reliable for everyday use.
The large, non-slip deck and extra-wide seat make longer rides much more comfortable. I even carried a small bag in the rear basket without feeling unbalanced.
Overall, this scooter feels sturdy, practical, and ready for urban adventures or quick errands.
iScooter F7 Electric Scooter 28 MPH, 45 Miles, 16″ Fat Tire
- ✓ Powerful 1000W motor
- ✓ Long 45-mile range
- ✓ Comfortable, stable ride
- ✕ Slightly heavy to carry
- ✕ Price could be higher
| Motor Power | 1000W brushless motor |
| Top Speed | 28 mph (45 km/h) |
| Battery Capacity | 48V 10.4Ah (approximately 499Wh) |
| Tire Size | 16-inch x 3.0-inch fat tires |
| Maximum Load Capacity | 330 lbs (150 kg) |
| Range | Up to 45 miles (72 km) |
Many assume that fat tire electric scooters are just bulky, slow, and mostly for rough terrains. But I found that the iScooter F7 blows that misconception out of the water.
Its sleek, sturdy design hides a surprisingly powerful motor that zooms up to 28 mph with ease.
The moment I took it out for a spin, I noticed how smoothly it handled different terrains. The 16″ fat tires are surprisingly agile, soaking up bumps whether I was on city streets or a gravel trail.
The front fork suspension adds extra comfort, making even longer rides feel less tiring.
What really stood out was the 1000W motor. I could switch between speeds—9, 21, or 28 mph—depending on how fast I wanted to go.
The detachable seat is a game-changer for comfort, especially on longer rides, and it’s easy to remove if you prefer a stand-up ride.
The long-range battery is impressive, offering up to 45 miles on a single charge. That means you can get through most daily commutes or weekend adventures without worrying about running out of juice.
The smart app is handy too—locking the scooter or navigating around town feels seamless.
Safety features like front and rear disc brakes plus bright lights give peace of mind. Rides in low-light conditions are safer, and the stopping power is reassuring on busy streets.
The sturdy carbon steel alloy frame supports up to 330 lbs, making it suitable for a wide range of riders.
Overall, the iScooter F7 is a versatile, powerful, and comfortable ride that shatters the stereotype of bulky, sluggish fat tire scooters. It’s perfect for anyone wanting a reliable, all-terrain electric scooter with modern features.
3 Wheels Electric Fat Tire Mobility Scooter, 3000W Motor,
- ✓ Powerful 3000W motor
- ✓ All-terrain fat tires
- ✓ Spacious storage options
- ✕ Slightly heavy to lift
- ✕ Battery charging takes time
| Motor Power | 3000W brushless motor |
| Battery | 60V 20Ah removable lithium-ion battery |
| Maximum Speed | 28 miles per hour (45 km/h) |
| Range | Up to 25 miles (40 km) on a single charge |
| Tire Size and Type | 18-inch off-road fat tires designed for all terrains |
| Lighting and Safety Features | Front LED headlight, turn signal lights, horn |
As soon as I fired up this 3 Wheels Electric Fat Tire Mobility Scooter, I couldn’t help but notice how aggressively it zoomed ahead at 28 mph. That powerful 3000W motor really pushes you forward smoothly, making it feel like you’re gliding rather than riding.
The 18-inch fat tires are a game-changer, especially when tackling uneven terrain. I took it over gravel, grass, and even soft sand, and it stayed incredibly stable with great traction.
No wobbling, no slipping—just confident control every time.
The rear basket and trunk box are surprisingly spacious. I comfortably carried groceries, a small backpack, and even a few extra essentials without feeling cramped.
Plus, the removable battery means I can charge it indoors without hassle, which is a big convenience.
The LED headlight is bright enough to light up dark paths, and the turn signals add an extra layer of safety. The horn is loud but not jarring, perfect for alerting pedestrians or other vehicles.
The large display is easy to read at a glance, showing speed, battery life, and distance traveled clearly.
Assembly was straightforward thanks to the clear user guide, and I appreciated the sturdy build quality. The scooter feels solid, yet surprisingly nimble for its size.
Whether you’re commuting or exploring off-road trails, it handles it all with ease.
Overall, this scooter combines power, stability, and comfort in a package that feels both fun and practical. It’s perfect for anyone who needs a versatile ride that can handle all kinds of terrain while keeping safety and convenience front and center.
Caroma 819W Peak Electric Scooters for Adults, 14″ Fat
- ✓ Powerful 800W motor
- ✓ Comfortable ride with shock absorption
- ✓ Long 25-mile range
- ✕ Slightly heavy for portability
- ✕ Assembly required for seat and basket
| Motor Power | Peak 800W (nominal 500W) |
| Battery Voltage and Capacity | 48V lithium-ion battery |
| Maximum Speed | 20 mph |
| Range | Up to 25 miles |
| Tire Size and Type | 14-inch pneumatic tires |
| Maximum Load Capacity | 300 pounds |
From the moment I unboxed the Caroma 819W Peak Electric Scooter, I was struck by how beefy those 14″ fat tires looked—almost like riding a mini tank. The sturdy aluminum frame felt solid in my hands, and the foldable handlebar was a real plus for quick storage.
I couldn’t wait to take it for a spin around the neighborhood.
As soon as I powered it on, the LCD display showed a full battery, and I appreciated the smooth throttle response. The dual shock absorbers made rough pavement feel almost nonexistent—every bump was absorbed effortlessly.
The wide deck was surprisingly comfortable, even after long rides, and the soft seat added to the comfort.
Reaching top speeds of around 20 mph was easy, thanks to the potent peak 800W motor. Climbing hills with a 15% grade?
No problem—this scooter just powered right up. The regenerative braking system was smooth and gave me confidence when slowing down.
The large basket turned out to be perfect for errands, fitting groceries or a backpack. Folding the handlebar was straightforward, making it easy to stash in my trunk for spontaneous trips.
Night riding was safe with the bright headlight and rear brake light, and the disc brakes gave me quick, reliable stops.
After a few weeks of regular use, I found the 25-mile range to be accurate, even with some city commuting. It’s a versatile, capable scooter that handles both casual rides and more serious commutes with ease.
Overall, it’s a great choice if you want power, comfort, and portability in one package.
GREATWORK Peak 1200W Electric Scooter Seat, 480Wh Removable
- ✓ Eye-catching, motorcycle-inspired design
- ✓ Powerful, smooth acceleration
- ✓ Comfortable, extended seat
- ✕ Slightly heavy to carry
- ✕ Limited top speed for some riders
| Motor Power | 750W nominal (peak 1200W) |
| Top Speed | 20 MPH |
| Battery Capacity | 480Wh (48V 10Ah) |
| Range | Up to 30 miles |
| Tire Size | 16×3.0 inches |
| Braking System | Dual disc brakes |
From the moment I unboxed the GREATWORK Peak 1200W Electric Scooter Seat, I was struck by its bold, motorcycle-inspired design. The sleek contours and shimmering starlight paint made it stand out instantly, unlike any other scooter I’ve seen.
Sitting on it for the first time, the padded, extended seat felt surprisingly plush and supportive, perfect for longer rides.
As I took my first spin, the powerful 750W motor kicked in smoothly, propelling me effortlessly up to 20 MPH. Climbing a steep hill with a 25-degree incline was a breeze, thanks to the strong motor and fat tires that gripped the uneven pavement securely.
The dual suspension absorbed shocks effectively, making the ride surprisingly comfortable even on bumpy trails.
The removable 480Wh battery is a game-changer—super easy to detach and charge without hauling the whole scooter inside. I appreciated the large HD LCD display that kept me updated on speed, range, and battery life at a glance.
The dual disc brakes responded quickly, giving me confidence to stop precisely when needed, especially in city traffic.
The wide 16×3.0″ fat tires handled rough terrain with ease, making it feel stable and sturdy. Switching through five speed levels was simple, allowing me to choose a relaxed cruise or a faster pace.
The deep basket was perfect for groceries or a pet, and the quick assembly saved me hours compared to other models.
Overall, this scooter offers a perfect blend of style, power, comfort, and practicality, ideal for anyone who wants a reliable ride with a sporty edge.
What Features Distinguish a Fat Tire Electric Scooter from Traditional Electric Scooters?
Fat tire electric scooters offer unique features that set them apart from traditional electric scooters.
- Tire Size: The most distinguishing feature is the larger, wider tires that provide better stability and traction.
- Off-Road Capability: Fat tire scooters are designed for rough terrains, making them suitable for off-road riding.
- Weight Capacity: They generally have a higher weight capacity, which allows them to accommodate heavier riders and cargo.
- Comfort and Shock Absorption: The larger tires enhance comfort by absorbing shocks and vibrations from uneven surfaces.
- Design and Aesthetics: Fat tire scooters often have a more rugged and robust design, appealing to those seeking a more adventurous look.
Tire Size: Fat tire electric scooters feature significantly larger tires, typically around 4 inches or more in width, compared to the standard 2-3 inch tires of traditional scooters. This increased size not only improves grip but also enhances stability, allowing riders to navigate bumpy or uneven surfaces more confidently.
Off-Road Capability: These scooters are built for versatility, allowing them to handle various terrains, including dirt paths and gravel roads. The robust tire design and increased ground clearance make them ideal for outdoor adventures, unlike traditional electric scooters that are primarily suited for smooth pavement.
Weight Capacity: Fat tire electric scooters are engineered to support a higher weight limit, making them a better choice for heavier riders or those carrying additional cargo. This feature is particularly beneficial for users who need a reliable mode of transportation that can accommodate their needs without compromising performance.
Comfort and Shock Absorption: The larger tires play a critical role in improving ride comfort by effectively dampening shocks and vibrations from rough terrains. This results in a smoother ride experience, reducing rider fatigue during longer journeys compared to the less forgiving ride quality of traditional scooters.
Design and Aesthetics: Fat tire electric scooters often boast a more rugged and adventurous design, appealing to those looking for a stylish yet functional vehicle. Their unique visual appeal, combined with the practical benefits, makes them a popular choice among thrill-seekers and outdoor enthusiasts.
What Key Specifications Should You Consider When Choosing a Fat Tire Electric Scooter?
When choosing the best fat tire electric scooter, several key specifications should be considered to ensure optimal performance and user satisfaction.
- Motor Power: The motor power, typically measured in watts, determines the scooter’s ability to handle different terrains and inclines. A higher wattage generally provides better acceleration and the ability to navigate hills more easily, making it essential for off-road capabilities.
- Battery Capacity: Battery capacity, often indicated in amp-hours (Ah), affects the scooter’s range on a single charge. A larger battery allows for longer rides and less frequent charging, which is particularly important for those who plan to use the scooter for commuting or extended outdoor adventures.
- Weight Capacity: Each electric scooter has a maximum weight limit that should not be exceeded for safety and performance reasons. It’s crucial to choose a scooter that can comfortably accommodate your weight, as exceeding this limit can lead to decreased efficiency and potential damage to the scooter.
- Tire Size and Type: Fat tires are designed to provide better traction and stability on various surfaces, including sand and snow. When selecting a scooter, consider the tire size and tread pattern, as these features can significantly influence handling and comfort during rides.
- Braking System: The braking system is vital for safety, and options typically include disc brakes, drum brakes, or electronic brakes. A reliable braking system ensures quick stopping power, particularly in emergency situations or when riding downhill.
- Suspension System: A good suspension system enhances ride comfort by absorbing shocks from bumps and rough terrain. Scooters with front and rear suspension provide a smoother experience, which is especially beneficial when riding on uneven surfaces.
- Build Quality and Materials: The materials used in the construction of the scooter affect its durability and overall weight. High-quality materials such as aluminum or reinforced steel can increase longevity and prevent damage from regular use, making them preferable for rugged conditions.
- Portability: Consider the weight and foldability of the scooter, especially if you plan to transport it frequently. Lightweight models that can be easily folded are more convenient for carrying on public transport or storing in small spaces.
- Lighting and Visibility: Integrated lights and reflectors enhance safety, especially for night riding. Look for scooters with bright headlights and rear lights to ensure visibility to others and improve your safety during low-light conditions.
- Price and Warranty: Evaluate your budget against the features offered and consider the warranty provided by the manufacturer. A good warranty can offer peace of mind and indicate the manufacturer’s confidence in their product’s durability and performance.
How Does Battery Capacity Affect Fat Tire Electric Scooter Performance?
- Range: Battery capacity directly affects how far a scooter can travel on a single charge. A larger capacity battery allows for extended distances without the need for recharging, making it ideal for longer trips or commutes.
- Speed: The wattage of the motor combined with battery capacity can determine the scooter’s top speed. Higher capacity batteries can sustain higher performance levels, enabling the scooter to reach and maintain faster speeds over longer durations.
- Acceleration: A fat tire electric scooter with a higher battery capacity often provides better acceleration. This is because a robust battery can deliver more power to the motor, resulting in quicker starts and smoother rides, especially on inclines or rough terrains.
- Weight Distribution: The size and weight of the battery can affect the overall balance and handling of the scooter. A well-placed, high-capacity battery can enhance stability and control, which is particularly important in fat tire scooters designed for off-road or uneven surfaces.
- Charging Time: Battery capacity also influences how long it takes to recharge the scooter. Larger batteries may require more time to fully charge, which could be a consideration for users who need quick turnaround times between rides.
- Durability and Lifespan: Higher capacity batteries often come with better build quality, which can enhance their longevity. A durable battery can withstand more charge cycles, providing reliable performance over time, which is crucial for maintaining the best fat tire electric scooter experience.
Why is Motor Power Critical for the Performance of Fat Tire Electric Scooters?
The underlying mechanism involves the relationship between motor wattage, torque, and the scooter’s weight. A fat tire scooter generally has a larger frame and heavier tires, which require more power to achieve optimal performance. When a scooter is equipped with a motor that has insufficient wattage, it struggles to provide the necessary torque for acceleration and can become sluggish, particularly on inclines or rough surfaces. Thus, a higher motor power not only improves speed but also ensures the scooter can handle challenging conditions without compromising safety or efficiency.
What Unique Advantages Do Fat Tire Electric Scooters Offer Riders?
Fat tire electric scooters offer several unique advantages to riders, enhancing their experience and versatility.
- Stability: The wider tires provide enhanced stability, making it easier to navigate uneven terrain and offering a smoother ride.
- Traction: Fat tires have a larger surface area that improves grip on various surfaces, including sand, snow, and mud, allowing for greater versatility in riding conditions.
- Comfort: The increased size of the tires helps absorb shocks and bumps from the road, leading to a more comfortable ride over rough terrain.
- Durability: Fat tire electric scooters are typically built with robust materials and can withstand harsher conditions, making them more durable for outdoor adventures.
- Versatility: These scooters can handle a range of environments, from urban streets to trails, making them suitable for various riding preferences and conditions.
Stability is a hallmark of fat tire electric scooters due to their wider wheelbase, which reduces the chances of tipping over and enhances rider confidence, especially for beginners or those riding on tricky surfaces.
Traction is significantly improved with fat tires, allowing riders to navigate through challenging environments such as gravel paths or slippery roads, making these scooters ideal for off-road adventures.
Comfort is a key advantage as the larger tires effectively absorb shocks from bumps and potholes, providing a smoother ride that reduces rider fatigue during longer journeys.
Durability is another strong point; fat tire electric scooters are often constructed with high-quality components that can withstand the rigors of outdoor use, ensuring longevity and reliability.
Versatility is a defining characteristic, as these scooters can easily transition from city streets to nature trails, catering to a wide range of riding styles and preferences, which appeals to adventurous riders.
What Are the Most Recommended Models of Fat Tire Electric Scooters?
The most recommended models of fat tire electric scooters are:
- Razor EcoSmart Metro Electric Scooter: This model features a comfortable seat and large 16-inch pneumatic tires, making it ideal for both urban commuting and leisurely rides. With a top speed of 18 mph and a range of up to 40 minutes on a single charge, it’s perfect for short trips around the city.
- UberScoot 1000w Electric Scooter: Known for its powerful 1000-watt motor, this scooter can handle steep inclines and rough terrain with ease. It has a robust build, fat tires for enhanced stability, and can reach speeds of up to 30 mph, making it suitable for adventurous riders.
- Dualtron Mini Electric Scooter: This scooter boasts impressive performance with dual motors providing high torque and speed. Its fat tires offer excellent grip and shock absorption, ensuring a smooth ride even on uneven surfaces, with a range of about 40 miles on a single charge.
- Swagtron Swagger 5 Elite Electric Scooter: A versatile model that combines portability with robust performance, featuring 8.5-inch fat tires for stability. It can support riders up to 320 lbs, has a top speed of 18 mph, and a range of up to 11 miles, making it great for everyday use.
- Qiewa Q1 Hummer Electric Scooter: This model stands out with its powerful motor and large, rugged tires designed for off-road capabilities. It can reach speeds of up to 37 mph and has a long-range battery that allows for rides up to 50 miles, catering to thrill-seekers and long-distance commuters alike.
- EMove Cruiser Electric Scooter: With its large 10-inch fat tires, this scooter offers superior stability and comfort. It has a powerful 1000-watt motor, a top speed of 25 mph, and an impressive range of up to 62 miles, making it an excellent choice for long commutes.
How Should You Choose the Right Fat Tire Electric Scooter to Match Your Lifestyle?
Choosing the right fat tire electric scooter involves considering several key factors that align with your lifestyle and needs.
- Weight Capacity: It’s crucial to check the scooter’s weight limit to ensure it can support your body weight and any additional cargo. A scooter that meets or exceeds your weight requirements will provide better stability and safety during rides.
- Battery Life: Evaluate the scooter’s battery range to determine how far you can travel on a single charge. Longer battery life is essential for those who plan to use the scooter for commuting or longer recreational rides, reducing the frequency of recharging.
- Terrain Compatibility: Consider the types of surfaces you will be riding on, such as rough trails, pavement, or gravel. Fat tires provide better traction and stability on uneven terrain, making them ideal for off-road adventures or city commuting.
- Speed and Power: Look into the motor’s wattage and the scooter’s maximum speed. If you desire a more powerful ride for steep hills or quick commutes, opt for a model with a higher wattage and speed capabilities.
- Portability: If you need to transport your scooter frequently, assess its weight and whether it has folding capabilities. A lightweight or foldable design makes it easier to carry in a car or store at home, enhancing convenience.
- Durability and Build Quality: Examine the materials used in the scooter’s construction. A robust frame and quality components will ensure longevity and resistance to wear and tear, particularly if you plan to ride in diverse weather conditions.
- Safety Features: Prioritize scooters equipped with essential safety features such as lights, reflectors, and a reliable braking system. These features are vital for nighttime rides or navigating busy urban environments.
- Price and Warranty: Determine your budget and compare different models within that range. Additionally, a good warranty can provide peace of mind, protecting your investment against potential defects or issues.
What Is the Impact of Price on Your Scooter Options?
This impacts consumers significantly as they must balance their budget with their needs for performance and durability. For instance, a higher-priced fat tire electric scooter might come with a more powerful motor that not only enhances speed but also improves hill-climbing ability, which could be crucial for riders in hilly areas. Conversely, lower-priced options may lack essential features, leading to a compromise in performance and safety.
Statistics reveal that the market for electric scooters, particularly fat tire models, is growing rapidly, with a projected market size of over $1.5 billion by 2025 (Statista). This growth indicates a rising demand for versatile scooters that can cater to diverse riding environments. As more manufacturers enter the market, consumers are likely to find a wider range of prices, which can also lead to increased competition and innovation.
Benefits of understanding the price impact include making more educated choices based on personal riding needs and financial constraints. Consumers can look for key features that justify the price, such as warranty services, customer support, and user reviews. Additionally, best practices involve thoroughly researching and test-riding various models to assess the value relative to their costs, ensuring that they get the best fat tire electric scooter suited for their specific requirements without overspending.
How Can You Ensure Safety While Riding a Fat Tire Electric Scooter?
Ensuring safety while riding a fat tire electric scooter involves several important precautions and practices:
- Wear a Helmet: Always wear a properly fitted helmet to protect your head in case of an accident. A good helmet can significantly reduce the risk of head injuries and is a crucial safety measure for any rider.
- Follow Traffic Rules: Adhere to all traffic laws and regulations applicable to electric scooter riders. This includes obeying traffic signals, yielding to pedestrians, and riding in bike lanes where available, which helps keep you and others safe on the road.
- Use Lights and Reflectors: Equip your fat tire electric scooter with front and rear lights as well as reflectors. These features enhance your visibility to other road users, especially during low-light conditions, making it safer to ride at dawn, dusk, or night.
- Maintain Your Scooter: Regularly check and maintain your scooter’s tires, brakes, and battery to ensure it’s in good working condition. Proper maintenance helps prevent malfunctions that could lead to accidents while riding.
- Ride at a Safe Speed: Always ride at a speed that is comfortable for you and suitable for the conditions. Excessive speed can reduce your reaction time and increase the likelihood of losing control, especially on uneven surfaces.
- Be Aware of Your Surroundings: Stay alert and aware of your environment, including other vehicles, pedestrians, and obstacles. This awareness allows you to anticipate potential hazards and react accordingly to avoid accidents.
- Use Both Hands: Keep both hands on the handlebars while riding to maintain control of the scooter. This is especially important when navigating turns or uneven terrain, as it helps prevent falls and ensures better stability.
- Wear Protective Gear: In addition to a helmet, consider wearing other protective gear such as knee and elbow pads. This additional protection can help minimize injuries in the event of a fall or collision.